these small extensions at the extremeties are typical for the genus Micrasterias, nevertheless there are some Micrasterias species without. There is no knowledge about the biological functionality, some interpret them as an aid for better floating, some say they are a kind of protection against beeing grubed. But none of these interpretations is for sure or scientifically verified.
All Micrasterias americana have exactly the same shape as shown here in my foto. Of course abnormal deviations exist, but these are mainly due to bad environmental influences or genetic defects.